The performance and quality of a roll generally depends on its chemical composition and manner of manufacture and can be evaluated by its organizational, physical and mechanical properties and the type of residual stress present inside the roll (see Roll Inspection). The use effect of rolls in rolling mills not only depends on the roll material and its metallurgical quality, but also on the usage conditions, roll design, operation and maintenance. The use conditions of rolls in different types of rolling mills are very different. The factors causing the differences are:
- (1) Rolling mill conditions. Such as rolling mill type, rolling mill and roll design, pass design, water cooling conditions and bearing types, etc.;
- (2) Rolling conditions such as rolling material varieties, specifications and deformation resistance, reduction system and temperature system, output requirements and operations, etc.;
- (3) Requirements for product quality and surface quality, etc.